Chester Alan Arthur, Twenty-first U.S. President
(1881-1885)
Grover Cleveland, Twenty-second U.S. President
(1885-1889)
-
2007 White House Christmas Ornament honoring Grover Cleveland's
1st term
Education: Tape vs. Hurley
court case San Francisoc, California. Asian parents wanted their daughter, Mamie
Tape to be allowed to attend the neighborhood elementary school. The principal Jennie Hurley was following
school board standards of no "mongolians" (the term for anyone of
Asian descent) to attend the all white school. Eight year old,
Mamie Tape, lost and was required to go to a segregated oriental
school that was considered "separate as if equal." see 1954 for opposite ruling by Supreme Court
which stopped segregation nationwide. see 1896 for next event...
Native Americans 1881-86:
War between U.S. and Apaches (Great Plains)
Last buffalo herd destroyed
Viola, Herman I, North American Indians, Crown Publishers, New York: New York, 1996
News: The Statue of Liberty arrived in New York Harbor from France, in July 1885.
- Technology:
The Men Who Built America (Electricity)
"America's advancement in the last three decades is staggering. Railroads (Vanderbilt) have replaced wagon trails to
unite the nation. And the Country's cities stand tall on steel (Carnegie). First kerosene (Rockefeller) transformed the night and
now electricity (Edison/Morgan) is about to light homes from coast to coast. Nikola Tesla resigns from Edison Illuminating
Company and starts his own company to work on his alternating current (AC)." Edison is lighting hundreds of homes in New York
using direct current (DC).
World Fair celebrating the first of ten Belgian
world fairs
Antwerp,
Belgium in 1885
(2 May - 2 November)
Location: Het Zuid (54.3
acres)
Architectural Wonder: trapezoidal site with a central avenue
and eclectic cottages in a park setting. The main building was
flanked by two lighthouses, and a roman triumphal arch, topped with
a globe supported by twelve statues of Atlas.
Visitors: 3.5
million
Novelties: the gas engine, plans for the Eiffel tower
displayed at the French stand
Mattie, Erik World's Fairs Princeton Architectural Press, 1998, New York: New York.
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